Laravel Database Migration

In this lesson, I will discuss about Laravel migration. It's like version control of the database. You can create, update, delete the database table, column using migration. 

 

Artisan command for creating migration:

php artisan make:migration create_customers_table

Define the table name for creating:

php artisan make:migration create_customers_table --create=customers

Define the table name for updating:

 

php artisan make:migration add_votes_to_customers_table --table=customers

 

Table Structure:

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

class CreateFlightsTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('customers', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name');
            $table->string('address');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::drop('customers');
    }
}

 

Run migration:

php artisan migrate

Run with force:

php artisan migrate --force

Rolling Back:

php artisan migrate:rollback

Rolling Back With Step:

 

php artisan migrate:rollback --step=3

Rolling Back all migration:

php artisan migrate:reset

Rolling Back and Migration:

php artisan migrate:refresh

Drop All Tables & Migrate:

php artisan migrate:fresh

php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

 

 

Creating Columns: 

Command	Description
$table->id();	Alias of $table->bigIncrements('id').
$table->foreignId('user_id');	Alias of $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id').
$table->bigIncrements('id');	Auto-incrementing UNSIGNED BIGINT (primary key)
$table->bigInteger('votes');	BIGINT column.
$table->boolean('confirmed');	BOOLEAN column.
$table->char('name', 100);	CHAR column and length.
$table->date('created_at');	DATE column.
$table->dateTime('created_at', 0);	DATETIME
$table->double('amount', 8, 2);	DOUBLE with precision
$table->enum('level', ['easy', 'hard']);	ENUM column.
$table->float('amount', 8, 2);	FLOAT column
$table->increments('id');	Auto-incrementing UNSIGNED INTEGER (primary key) column.
$table->integer('votes');	INTEGER column.
$table->json('options');	JSON column.
$table->longText('description');	LONGTEXT column.
$table->morphs('owner');	Adds owner_id UNSIGNED BIGINT and owner_type VARCHAR columns.
$table->rememberToken();	Adds a nullable remember_token VARCHAR(100) column.
$table->string('name', 100);	VARCHAR column with a length.
$table->text('description');	TEXT column.
$table->time('sunrise', 0);	TIME column
$table->timestamp('added_on', 0);	TIMESTAMP column
$table->timestamps();	Adds nullable created_at and updated_at TIMESTAMP
$table->tinyInteger('votes');	TINYINT column.
$table->unsignedBigInteger('votes');	UNSIGNED BIGINT column.
$table->unsignedInteger('votes');	UNSIGNED INTEGER column.
$table->uuid('id');	UUID column.
$table->year('birth_year');	YEAR column.

 

 

Column Modifiers:

->after('column')
->comment('my comment')
->default($value)
->nullable()

 

Modifying Columns:

composer require doctrine/dbal

Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->string('name', 50)->change();
});

 

Rename Column:

Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->renameColumn('from_name', 'to_name');
});

 

Droping Column:

Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->dropColumn(['one', 'two', 'three']);
});

 

Schema::table('table_name', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->dropColumn('column');
});

 

Creating Indexes:

$table->string('email')->unique();

 

$table->unique('email');

 

$table->index(['account_id', 'created_at']);

 

$table->unique('email', 'unique_email');

 

Command	Description
$table->primary('id');	primary key.
$table->primary(['id', 'parent_id']);	Composite keys.
$table->unique('email');	Unique index.
$table->index('state');	Plain index.

 

Dropping Indexes:

$table->dropPrimary('users_id_primary');
$table->dropUnique('users_email_unique');
$table->dropIndex('geo_state_index');

 

 

Foreign Key Constraints:

Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');

    $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users');
});